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In recent years, there has been increasing interest in applying Fast Field Cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry to material science, supported by a growing body of scientific literature. FFC-NMR is a non-destructive and highly versatile technique that enables rapid evaluation of results and can be applied to a wide range of advanced materials.

NMRD profiles obtained from FFC-NMR measurements provide detailed insight into molecular dynamics and structural heterogeneity, offering valuable information that can be exploited to understand and optimize material performance. In particular, the ability to probe relaxation mechanisms across a broad range of magnetic fields—including low and ultra-low fields—makes FFC uniquely sensitive to segmental mobility, ion transport, and microstructural organization.

The major applications of FFC-NMR in material science include:
• Polymers
• Battery development: Electrolytes and ionic liquids
• Liquid crystals

Please contact Stelar for further details on unlisted applications or to assess the feasibility of new experimental approaches.

Use

POLYMERS and PLASTICS

ENERGY: BATTERY DEVELOPMENT - ELECTROLYTES and IONIC LIQUIDS

LIQUID CRYSTALS

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Literature Reference

Polymers

"Elucidating the 1H NMR relaxation mechanism in polydisperse polymers and bitumen using measurements, MD simulations, and models"

P.M. Singer, A.V. Parambathu, X. Wang, D. Asthagiri, W.G. Chapman, G. Hirasaki, M. Fleury, J. Phys. Chem. B 2020, 124, 4222-4233

"Field-cycling NMR relaxometry: the benefit of constructing master curves"

M. Flämig, M. Hofmann, E.A. Rössler, Molecular Physics 2019, 117, 877-887

"Molecular dynamics in the lyophases of colpolymer P123 investigated with FFC NMR relaxometry"

B.V.N. Phani Kumar, S. Stapf, C. Mattea, Langmuir 2019, 35, 435-445

"Application of field-cycling 1H NMR relaxometry to the study of translational and rotational dynamics in liquids and polymers"

E.A. Rössler, M. Hofmann and N. Fatkullin in Field-cycling NMR Relaxometry:
Instrumentation, Model Theories and Applications, Editor: Rainer Kimmich; Vol.
18, 2018, pp462-489; Royal Society of Chemistry; ISBN: 978-1-78801-154-9

"Field-cycling relaxometry of polymers"

S. Stapf and A. Lozovoi in Field-cycling NMR Relaxometry: Instrumentation, Model Theories and Applications, Editor: Rainer Kimmich; Vol. 18, 2018, pp322-357; Royal Society of Chemistry; ISBN: 978-1-78801-154-9

"Rouse dynamics in PEO-PPO-PEO block-copolymers in aqueous solution as observed through fast field-cycling NMR relaxometry"

C.C. Fraenza, C. Mattea, G.D. Farrher, A. Ordikhani-Seyedlar, S. Stapf, E. Anoardo, Polymer 2018, 150, 244-253

"Scaling analysis of the viscoelastic response of linear polymers"

F. Mohamed, M. Flämig, M. Hofmann, L. Heymann, L. Willner, N. Fatkullin, N. Aksel, E.A. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 2018, 149, 044902

"Dynamics of a Paradigmatic Linear Polymer: A Proton Field-Cycling NMR Relaxometry Study on Poly(ethylene−propylene)"

M. Hofmann, B. Kresse, L. Heymann, A. F. Privalov, L. Willner, N. Fatkullin, N. Aksel, F. Fujara, E. A. Rössler, Macromolecules 2016, 49, 8622−8632

"Field-Cycling Relaxometry as a Molecular Rheology Technique: Common Analysis of NMR, Shear Modulus and Dielectric Loss Data of Polymers vs Dendrimers"

M. Hofmann, C. Gainaru, B. Cetinkaya, R. Valiullin, N. Fatkullin, and E. A. Rössler, Macromolecules 2015, 48, 7521−7534

"Dynamics of PPI Dendrimers: A Study by Dielectric and 2H NMR Spectroscopy and by Field-Cycling 1H NMR Relaxometry"

F. Mohamed, M. Hofmann, B. Pötzschner, N. Fatkullin and E. A. Rössler, Macromolecules 2015, 48, 3294−3302

"Temperature Dependence of the Segmental Relaxation Time of Polymers Revisited"

B. Schmidtke, M. Hofmann, A. Lichtinger, E. A. Rössler, Macromolecules 2015, 48, 3005−3013

"Recent NMR investigations on molecular dynamics of polymer melts in bulk and in confinement"

E. A. Rössler, S. Stapf, N. Fatkullin, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 2013, 18, 173–182

"Field-cycling NMR relaxometry of viscous liquids and polymers"

D. Kruk, A. Herrmann, E. A. Rössler, Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 2012, 63, 33–64

"Spin–lattice relaxation dispersion in polymers: Dipolar-interaction components and short-and long-time limits"

A. Gubaidullin, T. Shakirov, N. Fatkullin, R. Kimmich, Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 2009, 35, 147-51

"Molecular diffusion on a time scale between nano- and milliseconds probed by field-cycling NMR relaxometry of intermolecular dipolar interactions: Application to polymer melts"

M. Kehr, N. Fatkullin, R. Kimmich, J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126, 094903

"Restricted Molecular Dynamics of Polymer Chains by Means of NMR Field Cycling Relaxometry"

S. Kariyo, S. Stapf, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2005, 206, 1300–1310

"Polymer Chain Dynamics and NMR"

R. Kimmich, N. Fatkullin, Advances in Polymer Science 2004, 170, 1 – 113

"Influence of Cross-Link Density and Deformation on the NMR Relaxation Dispersion of Natural Rubber"

S. Kariyo, S. Stapf, Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9253-9255

Battery/Electrolytes/Ionic liquids

"Understanding the Nature of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation by Means of Fast-Field-Cycling Relaxometry and Molecular Dynamics Simulations—The Validity of Relaxation Models"

P. Honegger, V. Overbeck, A. Strate, A. Appelhagen, M. Sappl, E. Heid, C. Schröder, R. Ludwig, O.
Steinhauser, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2020, 11, 2165-2170

"Dynamics of ionic liquids in confinement by means of NMR relaxometry – EMIM-FSI in a silica matrix as an example"

D. Kruk, M. Wojciechowski, M. Florek-Wojciechowska, R. Kumar Singh, Materials 2020, 13

"Nuclear magnetic relaxation and diffusion study of the ionic liquids 1‐ethyl‐and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide confined in porous glass"

A. Ordikhani Seyedlar, S. Stapf, C. Mattea, Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 2019, 57, 818-828

"The gelation influence on diffusion and conductivity enhancement effect in renewable ionic gels based on LMWG"

M. Bielejewski, A. Rachocki, J. Kaszyska, J. Tritt-Goc, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018, 20, 5803-5817

"NMR Studies of Protic Ionic Liquids "

V. Overbeck, R. Ludwig in Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, 2018, Ed. G.A. Webb, pp 147-184

"Investigation of Dynamics in BMIM TFSA Ionic Liquid through Variable Temperature and Pressure NMR Relaxometry and Diffusometry"

K. Pilar, A. Rua, S.N. Suarez, C. Mallia, S. Lai, J. R. P. Jayakody, J.L. Hatcher, J. F. Wishart, S.
Greenbaum, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2017, 164, H5189-H5196

"Dynamical properties of EMIM-SCN confined in a SiO2 matrix by means of 1H NMR relaxometry"

D. Kruk, M. Wojciechowski, Y.L. Verma, S.K. Chaurasia, R.K. Singh, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19,
32605-32616

"Relation of short-range and long-range lithium ion dynamics in glass-ceramics: Insights from 7Li NMR field-cycling and field-gradient studies"

M. Haaks, S.W. Martin, M. Vogel, Phys. Rev. B 2017, 96, 104301-1 – 104301-9

"Translational dynamics of ionic liquid imidazolium cations at solid/liquid interface in gel polymer electrolyte"

A. Rachocki , E. Andrzejewska, A. Dembna, J. Tritt-Goc, European Polymer Journal 2015, 71, 210–220

"Lithium ion dynamics in Li2S+GeS2+GeO2 glasses studied using 7Li NMR field-cycling relaxometry and line-shape analysis"

J. Gabriel, O.V. Petrov, Y. Kim, S.W. Martin, M. Vogel, Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2015, 70, 53–62

"Determining diffusion coefficients of ionic liquids by means of field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry"

D. Kruk, R. Meier, A. Rachocki, A. Korpała, R. K. Singh, and E. A. Rössler, J. Chem. Phys. 2014, 140, 244509

"NMR Relaxometry Study of the Interaction of Water with a Nafion Membrane under Acid, Sodium, and Potassium Forms. Evidence of Two Types of Bound Water"

F. Xu, S. Leclerc, D. Canet, J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 6534−6540

"1H and 19F FFC-NMR of Catalyst Layer Materials for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells"

M. Yamaguchi, A. Ohira, Diffusion-Fundamentals.org 2013, 18, 16, 1-4

"Combining 7Li NMR field-cycling relaxometry and stimulated-echo experiments: A powerful approach to lithium ion dynamics in solid-state electrolytes"

M. Graf, B. Kresse, A.F. Privalov, M. Vogel , Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 2013, 51-52, 25–30

"Conductivity and Fluoride Ion Dynamics in r-PbSnF4; 19F Field-Cycling NMR and Diffraction Studies"

E. Murray, D.F. Brougham, J. Stankovic, I. Abrahams, J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 5672-5678

Liquid crystals

"NMR relaxometry in liquid crystals: molecular organization and molecular dynamics interrelation"

P. Sebastiao in Field-cycling NMR Relaxometry: Instrumentation, Model Theories and Applications, Editor: Rainer Kimmich; Vol. 18, 2018, pp255-302; Royal Society of Chemistry; ISBN: 978-1-78801-154-9

"Slow dynamics in a liquid crystal: 1H and 19F NMR relaxometry"

M. Rajeswari, Trivikram R. Molugu, Surajit Dhara, V. S. S. Sastry, K. Venu and R. Dabrowski
J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 135, 244507

"Application of field-cycling NMR relaxometry to the study of ultrasound-induced effects in the molecular dynamics and order of mesomorphic materials"

E. Anoardo, C. R. Physique 2010, 11, 160–171

"Spin-lattice dispersion in nematic and smectic-Amesophases in the presence of ultrasonic waves: A theoretical approach"

F. Bonetto and E. Anoardo, Phys. Rev E 2003, 68, 021703

"A Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Study of C12E6/D2O"

E.E. Burnell, D. Capitani, C. Casieri and A. L. Segre, J. Phys. Chem. 2000, B104, 8782